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                <text>The keynote paper by Garrett Hardin 44 years ago introduced the term ‘tragedy of the commons’ into ourlanguage (Hardin, 1968); this term is now used widely, but it is neither universally accepted nor fullyunderstood. Irrespective, the ‘tragedy of the commons’ is an increasing reality for more than 500 millionpeople that rely on the biodiversity resources and services of tropical coral reefs, mangrove forests, sea-&#13;
grass beds and associated ﬁsheries. These natural resources continue to decline despite major advances in our scientiﬁc understanding of how ecosystems and human populations interact, and the application of considerable conservation and management efforts at scales from local user communities to oceans.&#13;
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                <text>En septembre 2005, la Direction de l’Agriculture et de la Forêt de Mayotte (D.A.F.), Service de l’Eau, lançait un appel d’offre pour une étude « Diagnostic et Aide à la décision pour la protection de la mangrove de Kawéni, Commune de Mamoudzou – Mayotte », dont les objectifs étaient les suivants :&#13;
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On distingue en Guadeloupe 3 principaux types d’habitats sensibles : les récifs coralliens, la mangrove et les herbiers à phanérogames marines.</text>
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                <text>Les écosystèmes coralliens tropicaux constituent des zones très riches en biodiversité, actuellement menacées par les activités anthropiques, notamment en Asie du Sud-Est et dans les Caraïbes, et par les phénomènes naturels, plus globaux.&#13;
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